Tendinopathy: what it is, symptoms and treatment

What are the symptoms of tendinopathies? 

The principal symptom of tendinopathy in any part of the body is sharp, acute, permanent and paralysing pain that worsens when a movement involving the affected tendon is performed. In the early stages, pain only occurs when the movement is made but, as the condition advances, pain persists even when the tendon is at rest. In addition to pain, there are other symptoms associated with a tendon injury, such as loss of strength, fatigue, swelling, redness and a burning sensation.

In some cases, patients report numbness and loss of mobility, especially in precise motions requiring fine motor control. Advanced cases can lead to muscle atrophy.
When tendinopathy is in an advanced stage, pain is constant and can disrupt sleep, cause irritability and develop symptoms of anxiety and depression. Therefore, this condition can constitute grounds for sick leave and work disability. 

How is tendinopathy treated?

Tendinopathy is diagnosed by a Physiatrist in order to assess the type and severity of the injury, and rule out other diagnoses with shared symptoms. Sometimes, specific exams are required to make a differential diagnosis. 
If a tendon injury is left untreated, this naturally develops into a chronic condition, where pain persists even when the affected area is at rest. Patients lose the ability to perform certain movements in their everyday, personal and professional lives, and muscle atrophy starts to set in. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary, therefore it’s essential not to underestimate the early signs. 

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the specialist will prescribe painkillers and/or anti-inflammatory drugs and, together with the patient, define strategies to control or immobilise the area affected by the tendinopathy, for the tendon to make a full recovery. Furthermore, these strategies will also involve changing the patient’s habits that resulted in the injury, such as posture correction or certain stretching exercises. In some cases, Physiotherapy sessions may be recommended to strengthen the tendons and recover mobility in a controlled manner. All therapies and indications should be determined by the medical specialist. 

How to prevent tendinopathies? 

Because tendon damage is caused by repetitive movements and incorrect posture, some precautions can be taken to avoid or delay the development of tendinitis. 
Whenever possible, avoid repetitive motions, take regular breaks and stretch throughout the day. Exercise regularly without exceeding the intensity or load recommended by professionals, and always stretch at the beginning and end of workouts. 

Maintaining correct posture in the workplace is essential. Keep your back straight, shoulders back and down, position your computer monitor at eye level and make sure your wrists and forearms are level with the keyboard. Place both feet firmly on the floor, avoid crossing your legs and use an ergonomic mouse.