Ligament tears are more common than we think and can happen to anyone: from amateur athletes to workers who spend all day on their feet. Find out how to identify a ligament tear and what you can do to treat and prevent them.
What is a ligament tear?
A ligament tear occurs when the fibres connecting two bones tear partially or completely. When one of the fibres tears, even partially, pain is immediate and there is an unmistakable feeling of instability when moving the joint.
While this injury is common in athletes, it is not exclusively sports-related. Ligament tears can easily happen when descending stairs, exiting a car, trekking or even during everyday activities. All it takes is inadequate support, a sudden twisting motion, an unnatural movement, and our body immediately reminds us that stability depends on much more than muscle strength.
What are the types of ligament tears?
Every joint has its primary ligaments and each one can suffer injuries in different situations. All of the following joints can sustain partial or total tears.
Knee ligament tear
The knee is one of the most heavily used joints in the body. It bears weight, absorbs impact and responds to every change of direction. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the tibia from sliding forward, and is often injured in sudden changes of direction, such as when running or playing football. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) maintains counter stability, stopping the tibia from moving backward, and is more affected by direct trauma. The medial (MCL) and lateral (LCL) collateral ligaments protect the inside and outside of the knee, resisting lateral forces and preventing the joint from “bending” dangerously.
Ligament tear - ankle
One small misstep can turn the ankle into a vulnerable area. The most common tears occur in the lateral ligaments, often when the foot twists inward when going down stairs or running on uneven terrain. Protected by the deltoid ligament, the inner side of the ankle is stronger, but can still sustain injuries in serious falls.
Ligament tear - shoulder
The shoulder allows for a large range of motion, but this freedom also makes it vulnerable. Ligaments like the glenohumeral ligament keep the arm in position, and falling onto an outstretched arm, a tennis move or sudden movement when lifting heavy items can cause tears. Injuries in this region cause pain, instability and an uncomfortable feeling like the shoulder could “pop out” at any moment.
Ligament tear - wrist and hand
The wrist is a complex structure, full of small bones and ligaments. Falling with an outstretched hand or violent twists when catching heavy items can tear ligaments like the scapholunate ligament. The immediate consequence is localised pain, difficulty holding objects and swelling, thus limiting the ability to perform daily tasks.
Ligament tear - spine
Even the ligaments that connect the vertebrae are vulnerable, although injuries are less common. Partial tears may occur in accidents or from sudden strain, causing localised pain, stiffness and limited movement.
Ligament tears: symptoms
Recognising a ligament tear is essential to take action quickly and avoid complications. The most common symptoms include:
Intense pain at the time of injury
Pain is felt almost immediately, often accompanied by a popping or tearing sensation. This can be so severe that it becomes difficult to keep moving the joint normally, whether running, jumping or even simply bearing the body’s weight.
Sudden and visible swelling
Immediately after the injury, it is common for oedema to appear in the affected region. Swelling can restrict mobility and create a feeling of internal pressure, rendering every movement uncomfortable, often making simple daily activities impossible.
Feeling of instability
Many people report that the joint “gives way” or “fails to support” the body as it should. For example, in the knee, this instability can be so severe that climbing stairs or walking becomes challenging, even requiring additional support.
Limited movement
Bending, stretching or rotating the injured joint becomes difficult. This natural blockage is the body’s warning sign, indicating that the joint requires rest and treatment before resuming the normal load.
Bruising and visible signs of trauma
Minor internal bleeding can cause bruising around the joint. In addition to indicating the severity of the injury, this helps locate the affected ligament more precisely and plan the right recovery.
